Endocrine Abstracts

Estrogen exposure has been linked to a risk for the development of testicular germ cell cancers. The effects of estrogen are now known to be mediated by estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ subtypes, but only ERβ has been found in human germ cells of normal testis. However, its expression was markedly diminished in seminomas, embryonal cell carcinomas, and in mixed germ cell tumours but remains high in teratomas. PATZ1 is a recently discovered zinc finger prot...

It is well established that oestrogens participate in the control of normal spermatogenesis and endogenous or environmental oestrogens are involved in pathological germ cell proliferation including testicular germ cell tumours. The effects of oestrogen are now known to be mediated by oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) and ERβ subtypes, but only ERβ has been found in human germ cells of normal testis. However, its expression was markedly diminished in seminomas, emb...

Background: There is a great controversy on whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in children should be treated for TSH values between 4.5 and 10 mU/l. In adults SH has been associated with abnormalities in lipid profile and increased risk of atherosclerosis. Data in untreated SH children are scanty.Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional controlled study was to evaluate in children the effects of long term untreated SH on lipid profile and endothel...